[42] Philip is credited with a 'sensible, pragmatic approach' to provisioning and controlling it. Whilst married to Elisabeth, Philip had placed their children under the protection of this image; married to Mariana, they undertook special religious ceremonies together under the gaze of the painting. New Haven and London, 1986. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, 1st Duke of Sanlúcar, 3d Count of Olivares, GE, KOA, known as the Count-Duke of Olivares (taken by joining both his countship and subsequent dukedom) (January 6, 1587 – July 22, 1645), was a Spanish royal favourite of Philip IV and minister. The Peace of Westphalia, delivered by Olivares' replacement Luis de Haro, resolved the long running Eighty Years' War in the Netherlands and the wars in Germany, but the conflict with France dragged on. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. – all loosely joined together through the institution of the Castile monarchy and the person of Philip IV. Outwardly he maintained a bearing of rigid solemnity; foreign visitors described him as being so impassive in public he resembled a statue,[6] and he was said to have been seen to laugh only three times in the course of his entire public life. The junta system of government began to be dismantled in favor of the older council system. De Zúñiga regarded it as essential that the Sandovals be unable to gain an influence over the future king; de Zúñiga first began to develop his own influence over Prince Philip,[16] and then introduced his nephew, Olivares, to the prince, ten years old at the time. In 1615, at the age of 10, Philip was married to 13-year-old Elisabeth of France, although the relationship does not appear to have been close; some have even suggested that Olivares, his key minister, later deliberately tried to keep the two apart to maintain his influence, encouraging Philip to take mistresses instead. Philip and Olivares attempted to address the perceived weaknesses of the army, which they concluded were primarily due to the falta de cabezas, or a lack of leadership. The Count-Duke of Olivares was Philip IV’s powerful prime minister between 1621 and 1643. In 1615, after years of profligate spending in Seville, where he became a generous patron of men of letters, Olivares finally succeeded in securing a post at court as a gentleman in the household of the young prince Philip, the heir to the throne. An attempt by Olivares to intervene in Catalonia to deal with the French invasion threat resulted in revolt. When his father died in 1607, having failed to acquire the coveted title of grandee of Spain, Gaspar succeeded him as third count of Olivares. "Olivares, Gaspar De Guzmán Y Pimentel, Count of (1587–1645) Shortly after he came to power in 1621, the conflicts against the Dutch that were rampant in his father's reign, resumed. Olivares (Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, third count of Olivares), who became the principal minister of Philip IV (1605–1665) of Spain, was born on 6 January 1587 in Rome, where his father, the second count, was ambassador to the Holy See. Olivares (Gaspar de Guzm á n y Pimentel, third count of Olivares), who became the principal minister of Philip IV (1605 – 1665) of Spain, was born on 6 January 1587 in Rome, where his father, the second count, was ambassador to the Holy See. In the 1630 Treaty of Madrid, Philip was styled "Philip, by the grace of God king of the Spains, Both the Sicilies, Jerusalem, the Indies, etc., archduke of Austria, duke of Burgundy, Milan, etc., count of Habsburg, Tyrol, etc." the two countries was not officially declared until 1635. [44] The Junta de Armadas was the only junta committee to survive the fall of Olivares intact. [37] Shortly after Rocroi, Philip – now having had to dismiss his favourite, Olivares – issued instructions to his ambassadors to seek a peace treaty. In 1601, when he was fourteen, Olivares was sent from the family home in Seville to Salamanca University to study civil and canon law. 1587, Rome, d. 1645, Toro, Spain), prime minister (1623-43) and court favourite (valido) of King Philip IV of Spain. During the reign of Philip's father, Philip III, the royal court had been dominated by the Sandoval noble family, most strikingly by the Duke of Lerma, Philip III's principal favorite and chief minister for almost all of his reign. The Count-Duke. In 1646, de Haro was personally involved in supplying and equipping the Atlantic fleet from Cadiz. The Count Duke was a man with frightful illusions of grandeur. [31], Philip was to reign through the majority of the Thirty Years' War in Europe, a turbulent period of military history. Philip IV was the king of Spain and Portugal (as Philip III) in the 17th century. When Philip IV took the throne in 1621 he was only sixteen years old, and he delegated a considerable part of his work as ruler to Olivares, who was then thirty-four and had proved to be a very skilled politician with an extraordinary capacity for work. On his return from Zaragoza, where he had been commanding the army, he found only one of the Castilian nobility arrived at court on Easter Day 1641. [50] Philip and his government were desperately trying to reduce the responsibilities of central government in response to the overstretch of the war, and various reform ideas that might have been pursued during the 1620s were rejected on this basis. The Catalan rebellion dragged on for several years. But from 1640 onwards, a period which saw large-scale revolts across Spanish territories in protest against the rising costs of the conflict, Spain was finding it difficult to sustain the war. Philip obtained paintings from across Europe, especially Italy, accumulating over 4,000 by the time of his death; some have termed this unparalleled assemblage a 'mega-collection'. [43] He was prepared to involve himself in considerable details of naval policy; he was commenting on the detail of provisions for the armada in 1630, for example. [68] As well as marking a strong personal religious belief, this increasingly visible link between the crown, the Church and national symbols such as the Virgin of Miracles, represented a key pillar of support for Philip as king. Felipe IV of Spagna, 16 Maravedis, 1661, Copper, The examples and perspective in this section. Lisbon's nobles expelled Philip, and gave the throne to the Braganzas, marking the end of sixty years of the Iberian Union and the beginning of the Portuguese Restoration War. Renewal of the Dutch War coincided with a change in the Spanish government. Olivares was the favorite, the chief minister, of Phillip IV, early in the seventeenth century. The new king, Philip IV, was to reign for 44 years without a single day on which his country was at peace. He would wake up at 7 am every morning and work his way through the day until 11 pm. The early years of the Olivares government brought some notable victories, and in 1625 Olivares was raised to a dukedom with the title of duke of San Lúcar la Mayor. Executive summary:King of Spain, 1621-65 Philip IV, King of Spain, eldest son of Philip IIIand his wife Margaret, sister of the emperor Ferdinand II, was born at Valladolid on the 8th of April 1605. [1] Philip had seven children by Elisabeth, with only one being a son, Balthasar Charles, who died at the age of sixteen in 1646. Cambridge, U.K., 1988. Felipe IV sinh ra ở Valladolid, là con trưởng của Felipe III và Margaret của Áo.Năm 1615, khi mới 10 tuổi, Philip đã kết hôn với Elisabeth của Pháp 13 tuổi, mặc dù mối quan hệ này dường như không gần gũi; một số người thậm chí còn cho rằng Olivares, … [55] It has been argued that the fiscal stringencies of the 1630s, combined with the strength and role of Olivares and the juntas, effectively cut Philip off from the three traditional pillars of support for the monarchy: the grandees, the Church and the Council of Castile. The situation began to stabilise, and before long Philip felt secure enough to revert to his preferred method of government. [47], Philip had inherited a huge empire from his father, spanning the known world, but many of his most difficult challenges as king would stem from domestic problems in Spain itself. There was still money to support a brilliant court life, and during the early 1630s, when Spain's armies were winning new victories in Germany, the count-duke constructed a pleasure palace for the king, the "Buen Retiro," on the outskirts of Madrid, that became a showcase for the arts. [24] Under the influence of de Zúñiga and Olivares, however, Philip was then quick to place de Lerma's estates – expanded considerably during his long period as favourite – under administration, and to remove from office Cristóbal de Sandoval, Duke of Uceda, de Lerma's son, who had initially helped de Zúñiga remove his own father from office to advance his own position. [3] By the end of the reign, and with the health of Carlos José in doubt, there was a real possibility of Juan José's making a claim on the throne, which added to the instability of the regency years. His attempts to establish Hapsburg domination of … Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. From this point onwards Spain was on a collision course with the France of Cardinal Richelieu, although war between Marañón, Gregorio. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/olivares-gaspar-de-guzman-y-pimentel-count-1587-1645. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). [70] Most believe that Philip was involved in protecting Maria from the Inquisition's investigation of 1650. Don Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares (1587-1645), was the principal minister and favourite of Philip IV of Spain, and for two decades he guided the destinies of the country that was still the greatest power in the world. Philip, his father Philip III (1578–1621), and his son Charles II (1661–1700) are sometimes…, PHILIP III (SPAIN) (1578–1621; ruled 1598–1621), king of Spain; ruled Portugal as Philip II. This would have involved establishing a force of 140,000 paid soldiers, supported by equitable taxes from across the Empire, and has been termed 'the most far-sighted proposal of any statesman of the age';[51] in practice, however, it met fierce opposition from the various regional assemblies and the plan was withdrawn. The 1620s were good years for Spanish foreign policy: the war with the Dutch went well, albeit at great expense, culminating in the retaking of the key city of Breda in 1624. Spain in the early 17th century was a collection of possessions – the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Valencia and Portugal, the autonomous provinces of Catalonia and Andalusia, complete with the wider provinces of Naples, the Netherlands, Milan etc. [57] Although Philip and Olivares were able to repress the ducal revolt, Philip had found himself increasingly isolated. [32] Despite this shift in policy, Philip does not seem to have been particularly bellicose; early on he noted that having inherited such a large empire, war somewhere across his domains was an inevitable condition,[33] and he appeared genuinely upset when he came to power and contemplated how much the people of Castile had paid 'in blood' to support the wars of his royal predecessors.[34]. His plans miscarried disastrously in the spring and summer of 1640, when the principality, outraged by the behavior of the royal army billeted upon it, rose in revolt and formally terminated its allegiance to Philip IV. His years in the university gave him a lasting taste for letters and learning and perhaps also for book collecting, which became one of the great passions of his life. [25] Philip's initial announcements reflected an intent to reform the monarchy to the sober, moral position it had been under his grandfather, including selecting ministers whose grandfathers had served under Philip II.[26].
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